Distributed eLibrary - How Do I? - Find Help Guides

Referencing your Work Correctly is Essential

it shows you are not plagiarizing someone else's work
it allows your readers to find the references you list in your bibliography

Keep a Record of each article, book chapter, web page, etc., that you gather for your assignments or projects.

make sure you have enough detail to find the resource again
an internet resource should include the source and the date you accessed it

You can use bibliographic software such as EndNote to record your references. For more information on EndNote - Ask a Librarian.

Citing References in the Article

When you refer to a source in your article, use a consecutive Arabic numeral (1, 2, 3...) and place the number in brackets after the text in your article, for example:

                    Studies suggest that collagen cross-linking is a major mechanism that governs aging and diabetes-associated loss of vascular and cardiac compliance. (1)
                

The number in brackets links directly to the full citation in the reference list at the end of the article.

Reference List at the End of the Article

References should be listed consecutively (1, 2, 3) to correspond to the order they are mentioned in the article. The number in brackets links directly to the full citation in the reference list at the end of the article, for example:

                    1. Aronson D. Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pahtogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes. J Hypertens 2003; 21(1):3-12.
                

Reference List at the End of the Article

How to Reference Different Types of sources

Citing a Book

The following information, taken from the title page or verso of the book (not the book cover) must be included:

author/s - list the first six authors, then add et al.
title
edition
place of publication - take the first place listed
publisher - take the first publisher listed
year of publication - latest year or year corresponding to the particular edition

                    Hellamn S. Principles of cancer management: radiation therapy. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Cancer: principles & practice of oncology. vol 2. 6th ed. 2001; Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
                

Dictionaries

                    Stedman's medical dictionary. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
                

Articles

The following information must be included when citing articles

author/s - list the first six then add et al.
title of article
title of journal, abbreviated according to MEDLINE style. Check MEDLINE using PubMed/Journals Database for the correct abbreviations of journal titles.
year of publication
volume
issue (in brackets) may be omitted especially if pagination is continuous through the volume
pages of article

                    Aronson D. Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pahtogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes. J Hypertens 2003; 21(1):3-12.
                

Newspaper Article (accessed online)

                    Charter D. Patients die after wrong heart transplant. The Times [Online] 2001 [cited 2004 Jan3]; Sep 13. Available from: URL: http://iml.umkc.edu/ndt/html/lexus.html
                

Internet Sites

The following information must be included:

author, if applicable
title of web page
date of publication
date accessed
full URL

                    Lawrence D. Promising gene therapy tool may suppress epileptic seizures. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. [Online] 2003 Nov 14 [cited 2004 Jan 3]. Available from: URL:http://www.ninds.nih.gov
                

For more Information on Citing sources using Vancouver Style, see:

ICMJE. Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication .