EBM - Sources of Evidence
Levels of Organization of Evidence from Research
Adapted From: Haynes RB. Of studies, summaries, synopses, and systems: the "4S" evolution of services for finding current best evidence.
Evid Based Nurs 2005;8:4-6.
| Systems | Current best evidence-based information about specific problems |
ACP's Pier  via STAT!Ref (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) |
PIER is evidence-based clinical guidance presented electronically in a unique layered and telegraphic format. It is designed for rapid access to clinical information at the point of care. PIER includes recommendations based on all levels of medical evidence including RCTs, cohort and observational studies, case reports, and expert opinion. |
| ACP Medicine (Web MD Scientific American Medicine) |
A comprehensive electronic medical textbook covering all 15 subspecialties of internal medicine with references to the primary literature. |
| Clinical Evidence |
Provides summaries of the latest research evidence on the effects of a wide range of treatments and preventative interventions. |
| UpTo Date NOTE: Not available from home due to licensing restrictions |
Clinical reference tool that provides current answers to patient care, dianosis and treatment questions at the point of care. |
| Synopses | Summaries & commentaries of clinical research or systematic reviews |
| ACP Journal Club |
Provides articles, together with expert commentaties, from 2 major EBM related journals, the ACP Journal Club and Evidence Based Medicine. |
| InfoPOEMS |
Provides a collection of evidence and reference material including the OOEMs database, Cochrane abstracts, 5-Minute \Clinical Consult, a variety of proprietary clinical decision rules and support tools, and various published clinical guidleines. Can be downloaded for free to your PDA! |
| Syntheses | Systematic reviews & clinical practice guidelines |
| Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews via Cochrane Library |
An initiative of the Cochrane Collaboration, the Cochrane Library is a collection of databases designed to supply high quality evidence to inform people providing and receiving care, and those responsible for research, teaching, funding and administration. Includes the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and more. |
| DARE (Database of Abstracts for Reviews of Effects) |
Contains critical assessments of high quality systematic reviews identified by expert reviewers at the National Health Services' (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York, England. |
| Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT) |
Developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, HSTAT provides access to a wide variety of full text documents, including clinical practice guidelines, quick-reference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports, technology assessments, and much more. |
| National Guideline Clearinghouse (TM) (NGC) |
Comprehensive database of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and related documents produced by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in partnership with the American Medical Association and the American Association of Health Plans. |
| Studies | Original research studies |
| CINAHL |
Provides comprehensive coverage of the English language journal literaturerelated to nursing and the allied health disciplines such as medical records, physical and occupational therapy, medical/laboratory technology, respiratory therapy, etc. |
| EMBASE |
A major biomedical and pharmaceutical database indexing over 3,500 international journals in the following fields: drug research, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, toxicology, clinical and experimental human medicine, health policy and management, public health, occupational health, environmental health, drug dependence and abuse, psychiatry, forensic medicine, and biomedical engineering/instrumentation. |
| HaPI (Choose from the list) |
Provides ready access to information on measurement instruments (i.e., questionnaires, interview schedules, checklists, index measures, coding schemes/manuals, rating scales, projective techniques, vignettes/scenarios, tests) in the the health fields, psychosocial sciences. |
| MEDLINE |
The premier bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentristry, and the preclinical sciences. A special feature of MEDLINE via Ovid Online is the ability to link to and from the EBM Reviews databases. Updated weekly. |
| PsycINFO |
Professional and academic literature in psychology and related disciplines. |
| PubMed with LinkOut |
Provides free access to the MEDLINE database along with several special features. The Clinical Queries search option is intended for clinicians and addresses specific criteria of EBM literature searching. |