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Referencing your Work Correctly is Essential

it shows you are not plagiarizing someone else's work
it allows your readers to find the references you list in your bibliography

Keep a Record of each article, book chapter, web page, etc., that you gather for your assignments or projects.

make sure you have enough detail to find the resource again
an internet resource should include the source and the date you accessed it

You can use bibliographic software such as EndNote to record your references. For more information on EndNote - Ask a Librarian.

Citing References in the Article

When you refer to a source in your article, use the author's last name and the year of publication, and place it in brackets, for example:

                    Studies suggest that collagen cross-linking is a major mechanism that governs aging and diabetes-associated loss of vascular and cardiac compliance. (Aronson, 2003)
                

Your readers will then be able to locate the full citation in the reference list at the end of the article.

Reference List at the End of the Article

References should be listed alphabetically by author's last name. Sources without authors are arranged alphabetically by title within the same list.

                    Aronson D. (2003). Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pathogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes. J Hypertens, 21(1), 3-12.
                

How to Reference Different Types of sources

Books - must include the following data, taken from the title page or verso of the book, not the book cover:

author/s - when a work has more than six authors, cite the surnames and initials of the first six authors, then follow with the abbreviation et al.
year of publication (latest year or make sure it corresponds with the edition)
title - italicized or underlined
edition
place of publication – take the first place listed
publisher – take the first publisher listed

                    Rudolph CD, Rudolph AM, Hostel MK, (Eds.). (2003) Rudolph's pediatrics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
                

Chapter in a Book - as well as the book data, include the title of the chapter and pages.

                    Schleiss, MR. (2001) Group A streptococcus. In Greenberg, RS et al. Medical epidemiology. (3rd ed.) New York : Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
                

Dictionaries

                    Stedman's medical dictionary. (26th ed.). (2000). Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
                

— must include the following data:

author/s - list the first six then add et al.
year of publication
title of article
title of journal, italicized or underlined. Abbreviate according to MEDLINE style
volume number, italicized or underlined
issue (in brackets); may be omitted especially if pagination is continuous through the volume
page number/s of article

Check MEDLINE using PubMed . Journals Database (in the left menu bar) for the correct abbreviations of journal titles.

                    Aronson D. (2003) Cross-linking of glycated collagen in the pathogenesis of arterial and myocardial stiffening of aging and diabetes. J Hypertens 21(1), 3-12.
                

Newspaper Article

                    Charter D. (2001 Sept 13). Patients die after wrong heart transplant. The Times.
                

Internet Sites

Be sure your information is authentic and reliable - include data about the date you accessed it and the URL.

Lawrence D. (2003). Promising gene therapy tool may suppress epileptic seizures. Retrieved January 3rd 2004 from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (http://www.ninds.nih.gov)

More Information:

APA citation style. (2003). Retrieved March 15th 2004 from Cornell University Library.

For more Information on Citing Internet Resources, see:

Electronic references (2003). Retrieved March 15th 2004 from APA Online.

... or contact a reference librarian for assistance at Ask a Librarian.